{"id":545,"date":"2018-09-04T11:24:33","date_gmt":"2018-09-04T09:24:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/?page_id=545"},"modified":"2018-10-28T10:47:18","modified_gmt":"2018-10-28T09:47:18","slug":"machinae-novae","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/en\/machinae-novae\/","title":{"rendered":"Machinae novae"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We present&nbsp;<em>new machines<\/em>&nbsp;by Faust Vran\u010di\u0107 from his work&nbsp;<em>Machinae novae Fausti Verantii Siceni cum declaratione Latina Italica Hispanica Gallica et Germanica<\/em>, Venice, 1515\/1516 with Croatian translation of the text&nbsp;<em>The interpretation of the machines we invented<\/em>&nbsp;by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.enciklopedija.hr\/natuknica.aspx?id=42399\">Vladimir Muljevi\u0107, PhD<\/a>. The translation was published as a part of the reprint of the work&nbsp;<em>Machinae novae Fausti Verantii Siceni cum declaratione Latina, Italica, Hispanica, Gallica et Germanica<\/em>, Zagreb : Novi Liber ; \u0160ibenik : Gradska knji\u017enica &#8220;Juraj \u0160i\u017egori\u0107&#8221;, 1993.<\/p>\n<!-- index.php -->\n<div\n\tclass=\"ngg-galleryoverview ngg-ajax-pagination-none\"\n\tid=\"ngg-gallery-d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98-1\">\n\n    \t\t<!-- Thumbnails -->\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-0\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0107.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;I. About Roman watercourses &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; &#013;\nI was often thinking and asking others, but until the present day I have not been able to really know exactly how the Roman authorities, who did not avoid the great cost for the city community, as well as for the special benefit or decoration, and never lacked reasonable constructors, were not able to turn the fierce Tiber water streams that caused so much damage and presented danger to the city. And no doubt that they wanted to, as will confirm anyone who read their history. Is there, then, no way or a path for the Tiber to be tamed or kept in its bed so that it would not rage in the city? It is true that the present wealth of the Romans is not as great as when their power stretched throughout the world. Yet it would be enough not only for this but also for other useful things in the city. Maybe there was a lack of reasonable constructors? As far as I know, in our times much has been said as well as written about these things, much has come to light, among which there is something that I cannot  reconcile with. Some of them wanted a part of this river Tiber to traverse through the deepest valleys of the hell, and some over the top peaks of Caelian hill, outside the city. Not even the king Krez&#039;s wealth would have been enough to all of them. I am not going to talk here how past and present experts dared to install or fill the dams so as to make the Tiber run beyond the city, thus not being full of strength in the city, but to turn away somewhere else. I agree with those who have imagined to carry out this entire work in the city, but not with unbearably high costs. In order to interpret it, we must first show the reasons for this strong water flow. Among these, let the two be peculiar. The first is that the river-bed or stream, in which it runs, is very occupied and filled with many buildings, then there are in the first place ordinary and also special bridges serving the inhabitants. There are also many piles of stones, as well as demolished buildings and arches, which greatly prevent the water&#039;s full flow or course. Here it is necessary to wonder what kind of reason the old constructors had in building the bridges that they did not notice those with bridge pillars occupy one third of the water flow. Therefore, they should have less disturbed the mentioned river-bed and the columns should have been positioned as far as possible in the same places. In particular, what I have to say about the bridges, the Bridge of Our Lady, which was recently demolished by great water force during the times of the Pope Clement VII, and was undoubtedly destroyed several times before - so if it was to be rebuilt yet again, it would crash? Since it is placed in a river with a double confluence, because of the upper island, it takes on a part of the river that is inclined to the slope, and in large waters, engaging with great side force, it destroys the pillars and the arches, no matter how large and strong they are. The other reason is that the river flows into three major inundations, such as the curvature that stops and keeps the mentioned river, so it cannot flow straight to the sea. I think I could prevent this trouble (God forbid to say something else). In the first place, these three inundations need to be turned into three straight flat excavations. First, starting from St. Andrea to the right of the Fort Sant Angelo. Second, from the Sixt Bridge to the port of Portuense. Third, approximately from the middle of the road, going from the city to the sea, as this is the third curvature or inundation. Therefore, the flow should be extended to the point where the Farnese Garden stands until the pigeon house, and then the houses, built along the coast from the mentioned garden up to the Sixt Bridge, taking a good part of the said bridge, would have to be demolished. Third, from there the stone mill bridge should be removed and replaced with wooden pillars. It would be safe to do certain other things that would be good for these circumstances, but I think these will stay as they are now, thus I did not want to add anything to that. Let us be satisfied with this invested effort, giving a guidance to those who look forward to dealing with the same issue.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0107.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0107.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"204\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0107\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;I. About Roman watercourses &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; &#013;\nI was often thinking and asking others, but until the present day I have not been able to really know exactly how the Roman authorities, who did not avoid the great cost for the city community, as well as for the special benefit or decoration, and never lacked reasonable constructors, were not able to turn the fierce Tiber water streams that caused so much damage and presented danger to the city. And no doubt that they wanted to, as will confirm anyone who read their history. Is there, then, no way or a path for the Tiber to be tamed or kept in its bed so that it would not rage in the city? It is true that the present wealth of the Romans is not as great as when their power stretched throughout the world. Yet it would be enough not only for this but also for other useful things in the city. Maybe there was a lack of reasonable constructors? As far as I know, in our times much has been said as well as written about these things, much has come to light, among which there is something that I cannot  reconcile with. Some of them wanted a part of this river Tiber to traverse through the deepest valleys of the hell, and some over the top peaks of Caelian hill, outside the city. Not even the king Krez&#039;s wealth would have been enough to all of them. I am not going to talk here how past and present experts dared to install or fill the dams so as to make the Tiber run beyond the city, thus not being full of strength in the city, but to turn away somewhere else. I agree with those who have imagined to carry out this entire work in the city, but not with unbearably high costs. In order to interpret it, we must first show the reasons for this strong water flow. Among these, let the two be peculiar. The first is that the river-bed or stream, in which it runs, is very occupied and filled with many buildings, then there are in the first place ordinary and also special bridges serving the inhabitants. There are also many piles of stones, as well as demolished buildings and arches, which greatly prevent the water&#039;s full flow or course. Here it is necessary to wonder what kind of reason the old constructors had in building the bridges that they did not notice those with bridge pillars occupy one third of the water flow. Therefore, they should have less disturbed the mentioned river-bed and the columns should have been positioned as far as possible in the same places. In particular, what I have to say about the bridges, the Bridge of Our Lady, which was recently demolished by great water force during the times of the Pope Clement VII, and was undoubtedly destroyed several times before - so if it was to be rebuilt yet again, it would crash? Since it is placed in a river with a double confluence, because of the upper island, it takes on a part of the river that is inclined to the slope, and in large waters, engaging with great side force, it destroys the pillars and the arches, no matter how large and strong they are. The other reason is that the river flows into three major inundations, such as the curvature that stops and keeps the mentioned river, so it cannot flow straight to the sea. I think I could prevent this trouble (God forbid to say something else). In the first place, these three inundations need to be turned into three straight flat excavations. First, starting from St. Andrea to the right of the Fort Sant Angelo. Second, from the Sixt Bridge to the port of Portuense. Third, approximately from the middle of the road, going from the city to the sea, as this is the third curvature or inundation. Therefore, the flow should be extended to the point where the Farnese Garden stands until the pigeon house, and then the houses, built along the coast from the mentioned garden up to the Sixt Bridge, taking a good part of the said bridge, would have to be demolished. Third, from there the stone mill bridge should be removed and replaced with wooden pillars. It would be safe to do certain other things that would be good for these circumstances, but I think these will stay as they are now, thus I did not want to add anything to that. Let us be satisfied with this invested effort, giving a guidance to those who look forward to dealing with the same issue.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0107-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0107\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0107\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0107.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-1\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0108.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;II. Venetian wells &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; There is not a single city in the world that could be compared to Venice, built in the middle of the sea, thus reachable both from the land and from the sea. In addition, it is decorated with public and private buildings, without equal among all other cities, so it lacks no decoration and beauty, except for freshwater wells, which other mainland cities do have, but here no one has been able to make them yet. Thus, approximately since one thousand two hundred years ago, that is since the time of its construction, it has not got this opportunity and ornament. After much consideration of this matter, I believe that I have found a means by which this can easily be achieved after removing all obstacles. Indeed, and at no bigger costs, which the Romans used to have in the old days, but at costs, which will bring no trouble or difficulty neither to the authorities nor the locals. I hear there were some who proposed this thing but without execution; I do not know if the fault goes to those who made the suggestions or those who did not understand the proposed things and could not accept them in their minds. With good reason, I know well that nobody could find fault with my invention. Since everybody, though mistaken, believes his opinion is right, I want to maintain my position. &lt;br\/&gt; Further, I believe that I have found another, no less important thing, namely, a way to store the grain in Venice and elsewhere so that it could be held for many years fresh and undamaged by rancidity and humidity. This invention is such that it belongs only to princes and gentlemen, who seek common benefit, and cannot easily be prevented from being used by private persons at the expense of the ordinary people.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0108.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0108.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"205\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0108\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;II. Venetian wells &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; There is not a single city in the world that could be compared to Venice, built in the middle of the sea, thus reachable both from the land and from the sea. In addition, it is decorated with public and private buildings, without equal among all other cities, so it lacks no decoration and beauty, except for freshwater wells, which other mainland cities do have, but here no one has been able to make them yet. Thus, approximately since one thousand two hundred years ago, that is since the time of its construction, it has not got this opportunity and ornament. After much consideration of this matter, I believe that I have found a means by which this can easily be achieved after removing all obstacles. Indeed, and at no bigger costs, which the Romans used to have in the old days, but at costs, which will bring no trouble or difficulty neither to the authorities nor the locals. I hear there were some who proposed this thing but without execution; I do not know if the fault goes to those who made the suggestions or those who did not understand the proposed things and could not accept them in their minds. With good reason, I know well that nobody could find fault with my invention. Since everybody, though mistaken, believes his opinion is right, I want to maintain my position. &lt;br\/&gt; Further, I believe that I have found another, no less important thing, namely, a way to store the grain in Venice and elsewhere so that it could be held for many years fresh and undamaged by rancidity and humidity. This invention is such that it belongs only to princes and gentlemen, who seek common benefit, and cannot easily be prevented from being used by private persons at the expense of the ordinary people.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0108-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0108\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0108\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0108.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-2\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0109.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;III.  A bridge in Vienna, Austria &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; In the countries towards the north, almost all water courses freeze in winter, thus enabling large freight wagons or even large armies to cross them. But when spring comes, these water courses reopen in the warmth, swelling with great force, destroying and carrying with them everything that stands in their way. Especially wooden bridges. It takes a lot of time and money to rebuild them, causing considerable damage to the locals and troubles to people crossing them. I have a good friend who, when invited, knows or can make that no force of ice or other water rage may carry bridges, but that they remain steady and undamaged, until the material is worn out and rotted over a long time.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0109.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0109.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"206\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0109\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;III.  A bridge in Vienna, Austria &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; In the countries towards the north, almost all water courses freeze in winter, thus enabling large freight wagons or even large armies to cross them. But when spring comes, these water courses reopen in the warmth, swelling with great force, destroying and carrying with them everything that stands in their way. Especially wooden bridges. It takes a lot of time and money to rebuild them, causing considerable damage to the locals and troubles to people crossing them. I have a good friend who, when invited, knows or can make that no force of ice or other water rage may carry bridges, but that they remain steady and undamaged, until the material is worn out and rotted over a long time.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0109-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0109\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0109\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0109.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-3\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0110.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;IV.  The church in \u0160ibenik &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This church is not my invention, since it was built a hundred and fifty years ago. However, due to its extraordinary beauty and an unusual shape, I wanted to include it  here among my new inventions, as an ornament of my homeland. Moreover, it was made without the use of any wooden material, and was not like other churches vaulted with bricks, but completely covered with large stones placed lengthwise, which can be seen both from the inside and the outside. Other things can be seen in the picture.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0110.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0110.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"207\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0110\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;IV.  The church in \u0160ibenik &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This church is not my invention, since it was built a hundred and fifty years ago. However, due to its extraordinary beauty and an unusual shape, I wanted to include it  here among my new inventions, as an ornament of my homeland. Moreover, it was made without the use of any wooden material, and was not like other churches vaulted with bricks, but completely covered with large stones placed lengthwise, which can be seen both from the inside and the outside. Other things can be seen in the picture.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0110-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0110\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0110\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0110.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-4\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0111.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt; V. Nice shape of the temple  &lt;\/i&gt; &lt;br\/&gt; In Christianity there are various nice and beautiful churches that were very expensive and built with a special skill and manner, but in my opinion, there is hardly any  that would be from all sides completely harmonized, designed and constructed as a single creation. Furthermore, there is no doubt that the bell-tower and sacristy are parts of the church, but they are sometimes adjoined or built on one side beside the church, and therefore such churches look like a body lacking one arm. Or they are completely separated from the church. But the sacristy is added even after the church is fully built. In Italy, too, they add to the church small and large chapels, which then resemble a large swelling on an unhealthy body, thus making the whole body look ugly. I think the third mistake in building a church is to raise the walls in the middle nave and to put all their weight only on several columns, while the two sides of the church, made of full walls, remain with a reduced load. But these same columns placed in the middle of the church are a major nuisance. Fourth, vaulted churches are supported from outside by large columns all around. All these things make an awkward look. This and similar I have noticed and I do not like it. That is why I wanted to clarify this shape of the church, which is made up in one single piece from all sides, and everything is in its place, just as in the outside as in the inner part, which you can see immediately. Then, in the first place, instead of the towers this church has on its facade several arches or windows that serve to decorate and allow to hang a lot of bells, so that the costs, usually of building the church tower, could almost halve. The church has three sacristies on three sides of the big altar under the arches, which among others serve so that people would not walk around the big altar and disturb and hold up the priest at the mass. Therefore, the whole body of the church in the inner part will be surrounded by corridors, which, above all, cover and hide the columns that hold the church&#039;s vault. They thus allow our church to receive more people than any other church of the same size could receive. Ours will be the most elegant. Men and women stand in the upper part, separated from the ordinary crowd. There is still another large, exterior corridor on the facade of the church, which serves as an entrance. It has the doors on both sides, through which the most noble persons can enter up to the aforementioned inner corridor, without being pushed among the people. Fifth, this church is surrounded by many beautiful windows and decorated niches from the outside, so that people have a beautiful view of it. But we may have talked too much about our own things, so now may we be silent and leave this to those who understand this art better.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0111.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0111.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"208\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0111\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt; V. Nice shape of the temple  &lt;\/i&gt; &lt;br\/&gt; In Christianity there are various nice and beautiful churches that were very expensive and built with a special skill and manner, but in my opinion, there is hardly any  that would be from all sides completely harmonized, designed and constructed as a single creation. Furthermore, there is no doubt that the bell-tower and sacristy are parts of the church, but they are sometimes adjoined or built on one side beside the church, and therefore such churches look like a body lacking one arm. Or they are completely separated from the church. But the sacristy is added even after the church is fully built. In Italy, too, they add to the church small and large chapels, which then resemble a large swelling on an unhealthy body, thus making the whole body look ugly. I think the third mistake in building a church is to raise the walls in the middle nave and to put all their weight only on several columns, while the two sides of the church, made of full walls, remain with a reduced load. But these same columns placed in the middle of the church are a major nuisance. Fourth, vaulted churches are supported from outside by large columns all around. All these things make an awkward look. This and similar I have noticed and I do not like it. That is why I wanted to clarify this shape of the church, which is made up in one single piece from all sides, and everything is in its place, just as in the outside as in the inner part, which you can see immediately. Then, in the first place, instead of the towers this church has on its facade several arches or windows that serve to decorate and allow to hang a lot of bells, so that the costs, usually of building the church tower, could almost halve. The church has three sacristies on three sides of the big altar under the arches, which among others serve so that people would not walk around the big altar and disturb and hold up the priest at the mass. Therefore, the whole body of the church in the inner part will be surrounded by corridors, which, above all, cover and hide the columns that hold the church&#039;s vault. They thus allow our church to receive more people than any other church of the same size could receive. Ours will be the most elegant. Men and women stand in the upper part, separated from the ordinary crowd. There is still another large, exterior corridor on the facade of the church, which serves as an entrance. It has the doors on both sides, through which the most noble persons can enter up to the aforementioned inner corridor, without being pushed among the people. Fifth, this church is surrounded by many beautiful windows and decorated niches from the outside, so that people have a beautiful view of it. But we may have talked too much about our own things, so now may we be silent and leave this to those who understand this art better.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0111-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0111\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0111\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0111.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-5\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0112.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;VI. Fire clock, water clock, sun clock &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Right here, dear reader, I will  present the three types of clocks, one operated by fire, the second by water, and the third by the sun. I took over the first two clocks from others. The fire clock is made of a rope, like the one used by archers. The above mentioned rope hangs on the upper part, and on the lower part it burns; it should be divided into as many parts as it should show hours; each part has one hanging stone, which, when the fire comes to it, falls into a bowl set underneath it, producing a sound which signalizes 1 hour has passed. So if you put a candle next to this, and stretch a sulphur strip from the rope to the candle, at the same hour that you stretch the sulphur tape, the candle will be lighted. Thus the fire can really be used as an alarm clock, as it will light the candle first and then wake you up. The water clock has a barrel full of water inside which there is a wooden or tin-plated bowl with two holes in the lower part, one larger than the other; when the bowl is pressed down, the water enters through a larger hole and then the hole is closed again. The smaller hole slowly lets the water pass through it because the bowl is pulled by the weight placed on the other side to make the counterweight; so the bowl is raised and the weight goes down, which means that the clock hand moves. The third is the sun clock, made up of two circles, one divided into twenty-four hours, the other into  twenty degrees; among these a zodiac should be placed. Each circle, however, has one thread, which must be laid through the center.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0112.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0112.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"209\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0112\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;VI. Fire clock, water clock, sun clock &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Right here, dear reader, I will  present the three types of clocks, one operated by fire, the second by water, and the third by the sun. I took over the first two clocks from others. The fire clock is made of a rope, like the one used by archers. The above mentioned rope hangs on the upper part, and on the lower part it burns; it should be divided into as many parts as it should show hours; each part has one hanging stone, which, when the fire comes to it, falls into a bowl set underneath it, producing a sound which signalizes 1 hour has passed. So if you put a candle next to this, and stretch a sulphur strip from the rope to the candle, at the same hour that you stretch the sulphur tape, the candle will be lighted. Thus the fire can really be used as an alarm clock, as it will light the candle first and then wake you up. The water clock has a barrel full of water inside which there is a wooden or tin-plated bowl with two holes in the lower part, one larger than the other; when the bowl is pressed down, the water enters through a larger hole and then the hole is closed again. The smaller hole slowly lets the water pass through it because the bowl is pulled by the weight placed on the other side to make the counterweight; so the bowl is raised and the weight goes down, which means that the clock hand moves. The third is the sun clock, made up of two circles, one divided into twenty-four hours, the other into  twenty degrees; among these a zodiac should be placed. Each circle, however, has one thread, which must be laid through the center.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0112-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0112\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0112\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0112.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-6\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0113.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;VII\/1. Universal clock &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This is the sun clock drawn in the previous picture in the plane with two circles, and here we present it set and assembled. The circles are placed transversely one to the other in the cross pattern. The thread in one circle shows the hours, and another one, in the second, that is in the zodiac, shows the months and the days, but only in the afternoon. And this clock can be used anywhere, wherever you are, only if you adjust the geographic height and width of the angle you are on. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt;VII\/2. Iron mill, transportable &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This handmill is much more comfortable than the ones that have been seen so far; it is driven by a greater force, which can be increased or decreased, by one or more persons. This mill can also be used in military camps.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0113.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0113.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"210\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0113\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;VII\/1. Universal clock &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This is the sun clock drawn in the previous picture in the plane with two circles, and here we present it set and assembled. The circles are placed transversely one to the other in the cross pattern. The thread in one circle shows the hours, and another one, in the second, that is in the zodiac, shows the months and the days, but only in the afternoon. And this clock can be used anywhere, wherever you are, only if you adjust the geographic height and width of the angle you are on. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt;VII\/2. Iron mill, transportable &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This handmill is much more comfortable than the ones that have been seen so far; it is driven by a greater force, which can be increased or decreased, by one or more persons. This mill can also be used in military camps.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0113-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0113\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0113\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0113.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-7\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0114.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;VIII\/1. Windmill &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;  Devices powered by winds that run mills have so far been in use, all of them having the same shape but not being at all suitable as they have a horizontal shaft that always, depending on where the wind comes from, needs to be rotated back and forth, so  the whole milling machine must rotate and move in one base. Therefore, the mills are in this way, in certain sense opposite of their nature, at the highest point. We have, however, found a way so that our milling machines remain steady and stable, and the wind, wherever it comes from, stays no less convenient and favorable to them, and it is not necessary to invest effort and strength again in order to catch it. Then you have an upright shaft, but the wings or hands are stretched out to catch the wind on one side, and on the other side they let it pass through. After all, our invention has the potential so that the very stones, though the wind rotates the wheel with the greatest number of turns, always rotate with a more or less lower number of turns, depending whether the wind is weak or strong. Here you will see several of these devices.  &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt;VIII\/2. Sail mills &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; The first should be the one with an upright shaft, across which two double sail rods are hanged. These on the outer part have several wings on which the sails need to be stretched. Some wings are, however, fixed in the bases so that they are rotated around them, and are arranged so that on one side they will face the wind, and on the other they will stay away from it.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0114.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0114.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"211\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0114\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;VIII\/1. Windmill &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;  Devices powered by winds that run mills have so far been in use, all of them having the same shape but not being at all suitable as they have a horizontal shaft that always, depending on where the wind comes from, needs to be rotated back and forth, so  the whole milling machine must rotate and move in one base. Therefore, the mills are in this way, in certain sense opposite of their nature, at the highest point. We have, however, found a way so that our milling machines remain steady and stable, and the wind, wherever it comes from, stays no less convenient and favorable to them, and it is not necessary to invest effort and strength again in order to catch it. Then you have an upright shaft, but the wings or hands are stretched out to catch the wind on one side, and on the other side they let it pass through. After all, our invention has the potential so that the very stones, though the wind rotates the wheel with the greatest number of turns, always rotate with a more or less lower number of turns, depending whether the wind is weak or strong. Here you will see several of these devices.  &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt;VIII\/2. Sail mills &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; The first should be the one with an upright shaft, across which two double sail rods are hanged. These on the outer part have several wings on which the sails need to be stretched. Some wings are, however, fixed in the bases so that they are rotated around them, and are arranged so that on one side they will face the wind, and on the other they will stay away from it.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0114-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0114\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0114\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0114.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-8\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0115.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;IX.  The mill with triangular wings  &lt;\/i&gt; &lt;br\/&gt;This mill also has a shaft erected upright and, as it is said, placed on the blade, with four hands or wings hanging in a cross pattern, some of which are all triangular and made of boards, so that in one part of the shaft they turn the sharp angle against the wind, and the wind blows in vain, while  on the other side they catch the wind with the wide and open part.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0115.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0115.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"212\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0115\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;IX.  The mill with triangular wings  &lt;\/i&gt; &lt;br\/&gt;This mill also has a shaft erected upright and, as it is said, placed on the blade, with four hands or wings hanging in a cross pattern, some of which are all triangular and made of boards, so that in one part of the shaft they turn the sharp angle against the wind, and the wind blows in vain, while  on the other side they catch the wind with the wide and open part.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0115-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0115\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0115\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0115.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-9\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0116.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;X. Mill with mobile wings &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;These are two other ways to catch the wind with mobile and floating wings. More of them could be shown.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0116.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0116.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"213\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0116\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;X. Mill with mobile wings &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;These are two other ways to catch the wind with mobile and floating wings. More of them could be shown.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0116-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0116\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0116\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0116.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-10\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0117-2.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XI. The mill with  a mobile roof &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This mill in the roof is driven over the roof, which is divided into several slightly curved wings, closed between two walls, catching the wind on one side, and releasing it on another.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0117-2.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0117-2.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"214\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0117-2\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XI. The mill with  a mobile roof &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This mill in the roof is driven over the roof, which is divided into several slightly curved wings, closed between two walls, catching the wind on one side, and releasing it on another.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0117-2-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0117-2\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0117-2\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0117-2.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-11\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0118-2.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XII. The mill in a tetragonal tower  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; The mill in the tetragonal tower is rotated by the shaft, which heads upwards in the middle of the tower, and it has four or eight wings. They are driven by the wind blowing in through the windows of the tower. But the windows must be placed one opposite to another, so that the wind could enter through one, and go out again through another without obstacle; the remaining two windows, which are redundant, should be closed so that the wind could blow through the corridors with bigger force.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0118-2.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0118-2.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"215\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0118-2\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XII. The mill in a tetragonal tower  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; The mill in the tetragonal tower is rotated by the shaft, which heads upwards in the middle of the tower, and it has four or eight wings. They are driven by the wind blowing in through the windows of the tower. But the windows must be placed one opposite to another, so that the wind could enter through one, and go out again through another without obstacle; the remaining two windows, which are redundant, should be closed so that the wind could blow through the corridors with bigger force.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0118-2-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0118-2\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0118-2\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0118-2.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-12\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0119-2.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XIII. The mill in a round tower &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This mill is designed like the one in the previous tower. But this tower is round and open all around in the part with the faces, where the shaft has its wings, but it is still divided by the walls into the windows, which are placed in a curved position, so that the wind would not go straight, but at an angle into the tower, thus driving the wing of the shaft. This invention is special because the wind, if it was to enter completely, would find no obstacle, but would only pass through. This is to be said about wind mills for now, and now we will discuss water mills.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0119-2.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0119-2.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"216\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0119-2\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XIII. The mill in a round tower &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This mill is designed like the one in the previous tower. But this tower is round and open all around in the part with the faces, where the shaft has its wings, but it is still divided by the walls into the windows, which are placed in a curved position, so that the wind would not go straight, but at an angle into the tower, thus driving the wing of the shaft. This invention is special because the wind, if it was to enter completely, would find no obstacle, but would only pass through. This is to be said about wind mills for now, and now we will discuss water mills.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0119-2-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0119-2\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0119-2\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0119-2.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-13\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0120.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XIV. Mill in a little stream &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; In many of their parts the streams are so small and low positioned that they cannot drive the mills. To enable a bigger fall of the water, in the middle of the stream beneath the wheel a ditch is dug, to lower the stream so that one fourth of the wheel would be in the ditch. I do not think that this would cause some disturbance or that the wheel could not rotate in the water. However, it would be better to keep such a stream with one dug hole or threshold, which creates a pond where water is then collected and runs through the channels, to touch the wheel at the bottom, then it runs further and falls on the wheel with greater force.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0120.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0120.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"217\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0120\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XIV. Mill in a little stream &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; In many of their parts the streams are so small and low positioned that they cannot drive the mills. To enable a bigger fall of the water, in the middle of the stream beneath the wheel a ditch is dug, to lower the stream so that one fourth of the wheel would be in the ditch. I do not think that this would cause some disturbance or that the wheel could not rotate in the water. However, it would be better to keep such a stream with one dug hole or threshold, which creates a pond where water is then collected and runs through the channels, to touch the wheel at the bottom, then it runs further and falls on the wheel with greater force.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0120-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0120\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0120\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0120.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-14\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0121.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XV. Mill in the middle of a river  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Generally, mills are positioned on river banks, sometimes lacking, and sometimes abounding with water, which both prevent mill operations. I wanted to prevent such a trouble, so I considered it good to put the mill in the middle of the river, where the river has the fastest flow; this can easily be done near a bridge. But a machine that needs to drive the mill would have to be completely immersed in the river, so it would have to be constructed so that its blades, which rotate, receive water on one side and discharge it on the other; the mill will never rest, but will work all the time, whether the water is bigger or smaller.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0121.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0121.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"218\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0121\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XV. Mill in the middle of a river  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Generally, mills are positioned on river banks, sometimes lacking, and sometimes abounding with water, which both prevent mill operations. I wanted to prevent such a trouble, so I considered it good to put the mill in the middle of the river, where the river has the fastest flow; this can easily be done near a bridge. But a machine that needs to drive the mill would have to be completely immersed in the river, so it would have to be constructed so that its blades, which rotate, receive water on one side and discharge it on the other; the mill will never rest, but will work all the time, whether the water is bigger or smaller.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0121-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0121\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0121\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0121.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-15\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0122.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XVI. The mill hanging on the rock  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; When a river reaches a rock, thus gaining a great force, we hang our mill on this rock, positioning the blade wheel  below it, supported by three beams. When the wheel cannot reach the bottom due to the height, the shaft certainly can be supported by another beam.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0122.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0122.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"219\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0122\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XVI. The mill hanging on the rock  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; When a river reaches a rock, thus gaining a great force, we hang our mill on this rock, positioning the blade wheel  below it, supported by three beams. When the wheel cannot reach the bottom due to the height, the shaft certainly can be supported by another beam.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0122-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0122\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0122\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0122.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-16\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0123.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XVII. The mill in a sea strait &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; So far, who could have forced the sea to drive the mills and to be useful for other purposes as well? I think it can be done completely, but not everywhere, only in its narrow places. However, it is necessary to make sure that the place is not open and that it is not exposed to any force of waves. There is another way to make the sea useful. On the shore, a pond needs to be dug, as high as the sea usually rises, so that when the sea level rises, it fills the pond, but when the sea level falls, water flows through the groove or pipes and powers the mill. Yet, this would work better in the ocean because of its greater rise and fall. This was recently entrusted to me by a good friend.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0123.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0123.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"220\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0123\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XVII. The mill in a sea strait &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; So far, who could have forced the sea to drive the mills and to be useful for other purposes as well? I think it can be done completely, but not everywhere, only in its narrow places. However, it is necessary to make sure that the place is not open and that it is not exposed to any force of waves. There is another way to make the sea useful. On the shore, a pond needs to be dug, as high as the sea usually rises, so that when the sea level rises, it fills the pond, but when the sea level falls, water flows through the groove or pipes and powers the mill. Yet, this would work better in the ocean because of its greater rise and fall. This was recently entrusted to me by a good friend.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0123-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0123\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0123\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0123.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-17\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0124.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XVIII. The mill on a ship bridge &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; The mills, usually placed on the ship bridge, have on one side a smaller support, which holds a part of the shaft. And why could the bridge not be so big that other mills could be placed on it, which would do just as much work? These bridges from ships or platforms in Hungary on the Danube are suspended by a knit willow on the beam, stranded in the middle of the river, so no other anchor, iron chains or ropes are needed.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0124.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0124.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"221\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0124\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XVIII. The mill on a ship bridge &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; The mills, usually placed on the ship bridge, have on one side a smaller support, which holds a part of the shaft. And why could the bridge not be so big that other mills could be placed on it, which would do just as much work? These bridges from ships or platforms in Hungary on the Danube are suspended by a knit willow on the beam, stranded in the middle of the river, so no other anchor, iron chains or ropes are needed.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0124-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0124\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0124\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0124.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-18\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0125.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XIX. The mill on a ship  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This is a much more convenient way, because a ship will carry such an equally big load;  when a shaft is installed  in the front part of the ship, assuming the ship itself is big enough to carry such a heavy load, it will be even easier to carry more mills than  with the previous one. Moreover, it is not at all exposed to a large tree and the like, sometimes brought by the power of water. When the beams are put in the form of a triangle at the front part of the ship, the wheels will be secured on both sides of the ship to prevent the possible destruction or to prevent to be taken off with the ship.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0125.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0125.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"222\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0125\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XIX. The mill on a ship  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This is a much more convenient way, because a ship will carry such an equally big load;  when a shaft is installed  in the front part of the ship, assuming the ship itself is big enough to carry such a heavy load, it will be even easier to carry more mills than  with the previous one. Moreover, it is not at all exposed to a large tree and the like, sometimes brought by the power of water. When the beams are put in the form of a triangle at the front part of the ship, the wheels will be secured on both sides of the ship to prevent the possible destruction or to prevent to be taken off with the ship.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0125-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0125\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0125\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0125.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-19\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0126.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XX. Waterwheel &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This waterwheel is designed to touch water only with one part when it is blade-directed or in the plane or, if it is completely immersed in the water, it will not do its job any less. But that is done by bases, in which the wings are rotating. However, contrary to the custom, we will make a double cross, which holds this wheel and through which a tetragonal, not too thick shaft, passes. Namely, others drill holes through the shaft, through which they pull the rods supporting the wheel, therefore a very thick shaft is needed, so that the holes would not break or the shift would not split up. Yet, the shafts are not secured, rather they have to be tied with the iron rings in different places. Let us say that much about water mills for now.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0126.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0126.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"223\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0126\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XX. Waterwheel &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This waterwheel is designed to touch water only with one part when it is blade-directed or in the plane or, if it is completely immersed in the water, it will not do its job any less. But that is done by bases, in which the wings are rotating. However, contrary to the custom, we will make a double cross, which holds this wheel and through which a tetragonal, not too thick shaft, passes. Namely, others drill holes through the shaft, through which they pull the rods supporting the wheel, therefore a very thick shaft is needed, so that the holes would not break or the shift would not split up. Yet, the shafts are not secured, rather they have to be tied with the iron rings in different places. Let us say that much about water mills for now.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0126-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0126\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0126\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0126.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-20\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0127.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXI. Donkey mill &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; These mills are called after donkeys, because in Italy and Greece donkeys either pull or push the mills. But in other regions, where there are no donkeys, the mills are powered by horses or oxen, since these animals have more strength. There are other ways, but let these be enough to us, because they seem to me the most convenient.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0127.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0127.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"224\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0127\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXI. Donkey mill &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; These mills are called after donkeys, because in Italy and Greece donkeys either pull or push the mills. But in other regions, where there are no donkeys, the mills are powered by horses or oxen, since these animals have more strength. There are other ways, but let these be enough to us, because they seem to me the most convenient.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0127-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0127\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0127\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0127.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-21\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0128.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXII. The mill with the load  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; These mills are powered by one or two persons but have weights tied to the four ends of the cross, to give equal extra pressure. Instead of the cross we could set the wheel and add weight to it, but the cross is easier to make and does the same work. Anyone who knows how to properly use the weights will do extraordinary things.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0128.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0128.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"225\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0128\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXII. The mill with the load  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; These mills are powered by one or two persons but have weights tied to the four ends of the cross, to give equal extra pressure. Instead of the cross we could set the wheel and add weight to it, but the cross is easier to make and does the same work. Anyone who knows how to properly use the weights will do extraordinary things.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0128-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0128\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0128\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0128.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-22\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0129.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXIII. The mill with a treadle wheel &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Our treadle wheel is in almost everything equal to those in use today. But whoever pays attention to it will find it is much easier to power it. And the only reason for this is the place of the force, that is, the place where people walk in the internal or external part while in our wheel they stand outside in the middle of the wheel. But how much are these wheels better than the others, it is unnecessary to prove by mathematical verification, because it is obvious and well-known even to the inexperienced. We can justifiably brag about this new invention of the wheel powering  because until now we have not heard of or seen anything like this. Not only is this used for powering mills but can also be of great use to other purposes of powering.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0129.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0129.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"226\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0129\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXIII. The mill with a treadle wheel &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Our treadle wheel is in almost everything equal to those in use today. But whoever pays attention to it will find it is much easier to power it. And the only reason for this is the place of the force, that is, the place where people walk in the internal or external part while in our wheel they stand outside in the middle of the wheel. But how much are these wheels better than the others, it is unnecessary to prove by mathematical verification, because it is obvious and well-known even to the inexperienced. We can justifiably brag about this new invention of the wheel powering  because until now we have not heard of or seen anything like this. Not only is this used for powering mills but can also be of great use to other purposes of powering.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0129-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0129\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0129\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0129.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-23\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0130.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXIV.  Oil press or crusher &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This wheel can be used in presses, where it is used to pressure the oil. What can normally be done with ordinary oil mills, which have a shaft on the blade and are powered by an animal, can be done much better by our people-powered wheel. It rotates straight, while the other are pulled around.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0130.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0130.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"227\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0130\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXIV.  Oil press or crusher &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This wheel can be used in presses, where it is used to pressure the oil. What can normally be done with ordinary oil mills, which have a shaft on the blade and are powered by an animal, can be done much better by our people-powered wheel. It rotates straight, while the other are pulled around.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0130-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0130\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0130\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0130.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-24\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0131.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXV. Wine press or squeezer &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Generally a wine press is made with large log trees and bolts, which by means of a larger or smaller human force (depending on whether people are strong or weak) are pressed from above. This press has a multipurpose pulley, so a single man can lift a big heavy stone and again slowly lower it. This stone will do the same amount of work as more people would do with their weight. We also added a fork that does not allow the wheel to move back quickly, whereby the rod might slip away from workers&#039; hands.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0131.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0131.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"228\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0131\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXV. Wine press or squeezer &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Generally a wine press is made with large log trees and bolts, which by means of a larger or smaller human force (depending on whether people are strong or weak) are pressed from above. This press has a multipurpose pulley, so a single man can lift a big heavy stone and again slowly lower it. This stone will do the same amount of work as more people would do with their weight. We also added a fork that does not allow the wheel to move back quickly, whereby the rod might slip away from workers&#039; hands.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0131-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0131\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0131\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0131.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-25\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0132.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXVI\/1. How to reap the grain  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; When the grain is reaped with a scythe to get wheat, one man can do more work than the other ten who cut the grain with a sickle in a traditional way. But one could say that by the stroke of a big scythe many seeds will fall down. But I do not think so many seeds will fall to the ground, but because of this simple improvement, even if some would fall down, it would still be much more good than harm. This can also be confirmed from experience. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt;XXVI\/2. How to beat and thresh the grain &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; When the grain is reaped and tied in bundles, stalks have to be cut off with a wide ax on a stump, and the wheat bundles should remain whole. Stalks should further be trodden down by animals or threshed so the straw will stay whole, and the stalks will be threshed in an easier way. Even if several stalks remain in the middle of the bundles, or anywhere else in the straw, this harm can not be compared to the benefit resulting from such a method, since in traditional threshing many stalks remain untouched as well.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0132.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0132.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"229\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0132\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXVI\/1. How to reap the grain  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; When the grain is reaped with a scythe to get wheat, one man can do more work than the other ten who cut the grain with a sickle in a traditional way. But one could say that by the stroke of a big scythe many seeds will fall down. But I do not think so many seeds will fall to the ground, but because of this simple improvement, even if some would fall down, it would still be much more good than harm. This can also be confirmed from experience. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt;XXVI\/2. How to beat and thresh the grain &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; When the grain is reaped and tied in bundles, stalks have to be cut off with a wide ax on a stump, and the wheat bundles should remain whole. Stalks should further be trodden down by animals or threshed so the straw will stay whole, and the stalks will be threshed in an easier way. Even if several stalks remain in the middle of the bundles, or anywhere else in the straw, this harm can not be compared to the benefit resulting from such a method, since in traditional threshing many stalks remain untouched as well.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0132-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0132\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0132\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0132.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-26\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0133.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXVII\/1. Cleaning the grain  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; With great advantage grain can be cleaned if it is not washed with water, because then the dust goes away better than when the grain is cleaned with a sieve. But it needs to be washed in the river, or in the flowing water, or in the buckets full of clean water. As tools for this can serve the sieve, the basket or the like, which allow the water to pass. Grain can quickly be dried after on the spread linen sheets in the sun.  &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt;XXVII\/2.  How to clean the grain &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; There is another way to clean the grain, which I saw in Germany, so I thought it was quite convenient, and I wanted to present it here too. The grain, namely, moves alone and cleans in large quantities, especially where there are many such instruments, which I show here in the pictures.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0133.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0133.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"230\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0133\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXVII\/1. Cleaning the grain  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; With great advantage grain can be cleaned if it is not washed with water, because then the dust goes away better than when the grain is cleaned with a sieve. But it needs to be washed in the river, or in the flowing water, or in the buckets full of clean water. As tools for this can serve the sieve, the basket or the like, which allow the water to pass. Grain can quickly be dried after on the spread linen sheets in the sun.  &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt;XXVII\/2.  How to clean the grain &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; There is another way to clean the grain, which I saw in Germany, so I thought it was quite convenient, and I wanted to present it here too. The grain, namely, moves alone and cleans in large quantities, especially where there are many such instruments, which I show here in the pictures.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0133-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0133\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0133\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0133.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-27\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0134.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXVIII. How to separate flour from bran  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; In Italy, bakers work all day to separate the flour from the bran, but in Germany, as soon as the grain is ground, it falls from the millstone on the sieve to which a little rod is tied shaken by two or three wedges inserted into the wheel for shaking, so that flour may fall down in the chest, while the bran passes by it.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0134.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0134.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"231\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0134\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXVIII. How to separate flour from bran  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; In Italy, bakers work all day to separate the flour from the bran, but in Germany, as soon as the grain is ground, it falls from the millstone on the sieve to which a little rod is tied shaken by two or three wedges inserted into the wheel for shaking, so that flour may fall down in the chest, while the bran passes by it.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0134-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0134\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0134\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0134.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-28\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0135.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXIX\/1.  Beating barley and other things &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;  In Italy, it would not be possible to completely clean barley from the hull, and it is done with a lot of pain. Pestles which serve for this use are too large and will rather break the grain than to peel it. We will make pointed pestles, but held with tetragonal nails all over on the sides, which very finely remove the hull from the grain. These pestles, however, are powered in two ways. First, there is a man on one side turning the shaft, powered by the weights on the other side. Second, when the pestle hangs on the rod, which bends when the man pulls it, the pestle falls; after it has been dropped, the rod pulls alone the pestle up again. This is an easy way to raise such weight and is nothing new, and yet it is seldom applied (which is particularly surprising). &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt;XXIX\/2. Millstone&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; There is another way to peel barley but the upper millstone, because it is overweight, must be lifted, so that the grain does not become completely ground. This can be achieved even with large water mills. Nails to clean the barley from the hull and the bran can also be placed on a wheel or a board. Enough talking about the mills.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0135.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0135.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"232\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0135\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXIX\/1.  Beating barley and other things &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;  In Italy, it would not be possible to completely clean barley from the hull, and it is done with a lot of pain. Pestles which serve for this use are too large and will rather break the grain than to peel it. We will make pointed pestles, but held with tetragonal nails all over on the sides, which very finely remove the hull from the grain. These pestles, however, are powered in two ways. First, there is a man on one side turning the shaft, powered by the weights on the other side. Second, when the pestle hangs on the rod, which bends when the man pulls it, the pestle falls; after it has been dropped, the rod pulls alone the pestle up again. This is an easy way to raise such weight and is nothing new, and yet it is seldom applied (which is particularly surprising). &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt;XXIX\/2. Millstone&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; There is another way to peel barley but the upper millstone, because it is overweight, must be lifted, so that the grain does not become completely ground. This can be achieved even with large water mills. Nails to clean the barley from the hull and the bran can also be placed on a wheel or a board. Enough talking about the mills.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0135-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0135\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0135\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0135.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-29\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0136.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXX. Bridge with two beams  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Here we will deal with bridges, extending from one shore to the other over quite large water without columns or supports. Although the first bridge has only two face to face lengths, with wooden columns only at two ends, they will be joined to the other two ends in the middle of the river in the air, while the other two upper beams, with their ends slightly upward directed, will support them one of the beams being positioned against other, just like two buck goats opposing each other.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0136.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0136.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"233\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0136\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXX. Bridge with two beams  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Here we will deal with bridges, extending from one shore to the other over quite large water without columns or supports. Although the first bridge has only two face to face lengths, with wooden columns only at two ends, they will be joined to the other two ends in the middle of the river in the air, while the other two upper beams, with their ends slightly upward directed, will support them one of the beams being positioned against other, just like two buck goats opposing each other.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0136-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0136\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0136\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0136.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-30\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0137.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXI. Wooden bridge &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This bridge will be made of a double row of beams, which are curved and fixed with bolts and iron nails. To achieve the greater stability of the bridge, there are other beams on the lower part, either straight positioned or curved in the arch, also fixed with the nails, reaching and supporting both ends of the bridge to prevent its extension and collapse due to its weight.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0137.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0137.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"234\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0137\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXI. Wooden bridge &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This bridge will be made of a double row of beams, which are curved and fixed with bolts and iron nails. To achieve the greater stability of the bridge, there are other beams on the lower part, either straight positioned or curved in the arch, also fixed with the nails, reaching and supporting both ends of the bridge to prevent its extension and collapse due to its weight.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0137-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0137\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0137\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0137.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-31\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0138.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXII. Stone bridge &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This bridge can easily be constructed of bricks or other lightweight stones, so the lighter, the more reliable it will be. First, it must have good, strong arch-supported fundaments on both sides of the shore. Then on the lower part of the bridge both ends must be fastened with many large iron hooks. But when the bridge is very long, hooks need to be tied to other hooks, which are attached to the wall.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0138.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0138.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"235\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0138\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXII. Stone bridge &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This bridge can easily be constructed of bricks or other lightweight stones, so the lighter, the more reliable it will be. First, it must have good, strong arch-supported fundaments on both sides of the shore. Then on the lower part of the bridge both ends must be fastened with many large iron hooks. But when the bridge is very long, hooks need to be tied to other hooks, which are attached to the wall.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0138-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0138\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0138\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0138.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-32\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0139.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXIII.  Bell metal bridge &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This bridge must be made of pure bell metal, and it should also be straight positioned or curved to form an arch. However, one might say that this will require a lot of bell metal, thus the costs will be high. To my mind, it will require much lower costs than a stone bridge. Someone might further ask how to make and cast such a strong structure. You must check this with a cannon caster, and if he cannot tell you, then come back to me. In this way, indeed with significantly lower costs, roofs and walls of large buildings can be made as well.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0139.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0139.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"236\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0139\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXIII.  Bell metal bridge &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This bridge must be made of pure bell metal, and it should also be straight positioned or curved to form an arch. However, one might say that this will require a lot of bell metal, thus the costs will be high. To my mind, it will require much lower costs than a stone bridge. Someone might further ask how to make and cast such a strong structure. You must check this with a cannon caster, and if he cannot tell you, then come back to me. In this way, indeed with significantly lower costs, roofs and walls of large buildings can be made as well.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0139-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0139\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0139\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0139.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-33\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0140.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXIV. Iron bridge &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This bridge is called iron bridge because it is suspended by many chains thus hanging on two towers, built on both sides of the water. The towers will have the doors so pedestrians could pass by or stop.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0140.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0140.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"237\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0140\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXIV. Iron bridge &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This bridge is called iron bridge because it is suspended by many chains thus hanging on two towers, built on both sides of the water. The towers will have the doors so pedestrians could pass by or stop.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0140-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0140\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0140\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0140.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-34\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0141.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXV. Rope bridge&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This bridge is made of two or more boat ropes, hanging on two columns on both shores. But to keep the bridge tense and prevent bending upon the weight of those crossing it, it is necessary to tie the ropes to the boat ropes, tightening them up or loosening, as necessary . This bridge can be folded and transported, so it serves well its purpose during the war.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0141.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0141.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"238\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0141\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXV. Rope bridge&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This bridge is made of two or more boat ropes, hanging on two columns on both shores. But to keep the bridge tense and prevent bending upon the weight of those crossing it, it is necessary to tie the ropes to the boat ropes, tightening them up or loosening, as necessary . This bridge can be folded and transported, so it serves well its purpose during the war.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0141-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0141\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0141\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0141.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-35\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0142.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXVI. Single-rope bridge  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; On a thick rope, a hull or a punt with rotating wheels are to be hung, while next to it a thin rope should be tightened, which, when pulled, will safely take across those in the punt.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0142.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0142.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"239\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0142\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXVI. Single-rope bridge  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; On a thick rope, a hull or a punt with rotating wheels are to be hung, while next to it a thin rope should be tightened, which, when pulled, will safely take across those in the punt.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0142-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0142\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0142\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0142.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-36\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0143.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXVII. Dragging big loads to other river bank &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;Often it happens that the river which is to be crossed either has weak or no bridges spanning over it, so that no big load, like big cannons, can be placed to the other side. Therefore, if one or more pulleys or winches are placed on the other side of the river, they can be dragged along the river-bed to other bank with no loss of time.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0143.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0143.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"240\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0143\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXVII. Dragging big loads to other river bank &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;Often it happens that the river which is to be crossed either has weak or no bridges spanning over it, so that no big load, like big cannons, can be placed to the other side. Therefore, if one or more pulleys or winches are placed on the other side of the river, they can be dragged along the river-bed to other bank with no loss of time.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0143-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0143\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0143\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0143.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-37\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0144.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXVIII. The flying man &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; In a tetragonal sail cloth, tightened by the use of four equal rods and securely attached with the ropes at four corners, a man without any danger can safely descend from the tower or from another high place. Even if there would not be wind at that time, the force of the falling man would produce  wind, which would keep the cloth, so as not to come down crashing, but slowly land. However, the size of the human must be exactly adjusted to the size of the cloth.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0144.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0144.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"241\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0144\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXVIII. The flying man &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; In a tetragonal sail cloth, tightened by the use of four equal rods and securely attached with the ropes at four corners, a man without any danger can safely descend from the tower or from another high place. Even if there would not be wind at that time, the force of the falling man would produce  wind, which would keep the cloth, so as not to come down crashing, but slowly land. However, the size of the human must be exactly adjusted to the size of the cloth.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0144-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0144\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0144\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0144.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-38\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0145.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXIX. A boat that can be carried away &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This device itself is not a boat, but it can be used as a boat, so we wanted to call it that way. It is much more useful and more convenient than a boat. In addition, a boat can easily be overturned by those who pilot it, thrown out, but in this boat, be it as it may, one cannot sink or even get wet, even if his suit is long all the way to the ankles. In addition, this device, after the air is released, can be put under the arm and carried away.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0145.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0145.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"242\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0145\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XXXIX. A boat that can be carried away &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This device itself is not a boat, but it can be used as a boat, so we wanted to call it that way. It is much more useful and more convenient than a boat. In addition, a boat can easily be overturned by those who pilot it, thrown out, but in this boat, be it as it may, one cannot sink or even get wet, even if his suit is long all the way to the ankles. In addition, this device, after the air is released, can be put under the arm and carried away.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0145-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0145\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0145\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0145.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-39\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0146.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XL. A boat sailing itself down the river &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; There are two ways that a boat can sail up the river by itself, and the stronger the river course, the faster the boat. The first way is to fasten a long rope to the column thrust up there along the river, because the boat has to be pulled there. The second part is attached to the shaft that lies across in the boat, and on each side there is one water wheel, which thus powered will wind the rope over the wheel and pull the boat upstream. The other way is to hang on the column the one little wheel through which the rope passes, and to fasten one part of the rope to the freighter, which is to be pulled upward, while on the other end to put a small boat with well secured wings on either side, which hold the power of the river. So the small boat sailing down will pull up a big freighter. This, as well as the water clock shown above, I learned in Rome from a skilled nobleman from Lyon.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0146.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0146.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"243\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0146\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XL. A boat sailing itself down the river &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; There are two ways that a boat can sail up the river by itself, and the stronger the river course, the faster the boat. The first way is to fasten a long rope to the column thrust up there along the river, because the boat has to be pulled there. The second part is attached to the shaft that lies across in the boat, and on each side there is one water wheel, which thus powered will wind the rope over the wheel and pull the boat upstream. The other way is to hang on the column the one little wheel through which the rope passes, and to fasten one part of the rope to the freighter, which is to be pulled upward, while on the other end to put a small boat with well secured wings on either side, which hold the power of the river. So the small boat sailing down will pull up a big freighter. This, as well as the water clock shown above, I learned in Rome from a skilled nobleman from Lyon.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0146-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0146\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0146\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0146.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-40\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0147.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XLI. Sea bottom cleaning device &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; There are various instruments for rock and sand dredging from the sea bottom, many of which can be seen in Venice. But these instruments are very slow and cannot dredge deeper than six feet towards the bottom. This instrument, however, can be used well on every depth of the sea or river. Still, some other instruments can be applied in rivers, which are not too deep and thus should be cleaned. Such an instrument can be made of two wheels impaled on the shaft on two places, and the shaft is positioned across the board, as mentioned above. Scoops should be attached to the shaft by the use of which the ground will be mixed, thus taking the sand and the karst, which will then be flushed and cleaned by the  stream of the river before they leave the water.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0147.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0147.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"244\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0147\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XLI. Sea bottom cleaning device &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; There are various instruments for rock and sand dredging from the sea bottom, many of which can be seen in Venice. But these instruments are very slow and cannot dredge deeper than six feet towards the bottom. This instrument, however, can be used well on every depth of the sea or river. Still, some other instruments can be applied in rivers, which are not too deep and thus should be cleaned. Such an instrument can be made of two wheels impaled on the shaft on two places, and the shaft is positioned across the board, as mentioned above. Scoops should be attached to the shaft by the use of which the ground will be mixed, thus taking the sand and the karst, which will then be flushed and cleaned by the  stream of the river before they leave the water.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0147-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0147\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0147\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0147.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-41\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0148.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XLII. An open-bottom boat &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; For the instrument described here, which uses special pliers to grab a mud from the sea bottom, we have found a boat with a wooden shaft inside, recessed and thus going below the boat, into the thick sea. Therefore, with no real effort it can be emptied through the open bottom without the boat sinking.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0148.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0148.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"245\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0148\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XLII. An open-bottom boat &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; For the instrument described here, which uses special pliers to grab a mud from the sea bottom, we have found a boat with a wooden shaft inside, recessed and thus going below the boat, into the thick sea. Therefore, with no real effort it can be emptied through the open bottom without the boat sinking.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0148-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0148\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0148\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0148.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-42\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0149.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XLIII.  Rope twisting instrument &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; By means of the instruments nowadays used for manual twisting of large boat ropes, this cannot be done without much work and effort, because no improvement has been made, only human force. So I have found an instrument powered by my treadle wheel. Using this wheel, one man can easily do more than a lot of people who use all their forces to do so.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0149.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0149.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"246\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0149\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XLIII.  Rope twisting instrument &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; By means of the instruments nowadays used for manual twisting of large boat ropes, this cannot be done without much work and effort, because no improvement has been made, only human force. So I have found an instrument powered by my treadle wheel. Using this wheel, one man can easily do more than a lot of people who use all their forces to do so.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0149-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0149\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0149\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0149.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-43\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0150.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XLIV\/1. Double chainsaw &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; I think the whole force of the chainsaw is in its being pulled down. Wood is cut when the saw is pulled down, but when it goes up, it does not touch anything, just passes empty. So we added two rods to the two saws, which, when bent, move again upward during the saw movement, and two workers with all their forces immediately pull them back down. In this way, boards or beams can be cut in sawmills, and also in forests, and more chainsaws can be set, as much as needed to cut the tree; it is not difficult to understand that at the same time and with the same effort usually needed to cut only one board, the entire tree can be cut. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt;XLIV\/2.  Chainsaw for stone &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; In this or similar way, a device can be made, which by means of motion and by force of the set weights, powers more saws, and the saws cut the marble or stone under them. Thus, weights can do more work than a few people, who would otherwise pull the saw without this improvement. This can be done very well in running water, as recently demonstrated very craftily by a Targon in Rome.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0150.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0150.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"247\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0150\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XLIV\/1. Double chainsaw &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; I think the whole force of the chainsaw is in its being pulled down. Wood is cut when the saw is pulled down, but when it goes up, it does not touch anything, just passes empty. So we added two rods to the two saws, which, when bent, move again upward during the saw movement, and two workers with all their forces immediately pull them back down. In this way, boards or beams can be cut in sawmills, and also in forests, and more chainsaws can be set, as much as needed to cut the tree; it is not difficult to understand that at the same time and with the same effort usually needed to cut only one board, the entire tree can be cut. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt;XLIV\/2.  Chainsaw for stone &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; In this or similar way, a device can be made, which by means of motion and by force of the set weights, powers more saws, and the saws cut the marble or stone under them. Thus, weights can do more work than a few people, who would otherwise pull the saw without this improvement. This can be done very well in running water, as recently demonstrated very craftily by a Targon in Rome.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0150-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0150\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0150\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0150.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-44\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0151.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XLV. An instrument that pumps the water up  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This machine, as you see it right in front of you, has two shorter tubes, or spouts, which, at the bottom, through the little open door, receive water by themselves. The other smaller, but heavier spouts, leather-padded at the bottom, pump the water behind them when going down; pushed back by force, the water closes the path to itself and cannot go out where it once entered, but must necessarily rise up through the second spout. The spout has the door called anima in Italian, meaning the soul, letting the water which comes with force, but then because of its own weight (the door must be made of the bell metal) the door is closed again. And then, by repeated motion, the water will be pumped up.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0151.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0151.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"248\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0151\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XLV. An instrument that pumps the water up  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This machine, as you see it right in front of you, has two shorter tubes, or spouts, which, at the bottom, through the little open door, receive water by themselves. The other smaller, but heavier spouts, leather-padded at the bottom, pump the water behind them when going down; pushed back by force, the water closes the path to itself and cannot go out where it once entered, but must necessarily rise up through the second spout. The spout has the door called anima in Italian, meaning the soul, letting the water which comes with force, but then because of its own weight (the door must be made of the bell metal) the door is closed again. And then, by repeated motion, the water will be pumped up.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0151-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0151\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0151\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0151.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-45\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0152.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XLVI. A wheel for copper-plate printers  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; I have often seen those engaged in book printing as well as those who print all sorts of plated copper on paper, how they do it with great effort, yet such printing is not always uniform, but sometimes with more, sometimes with less success, due to the instability of the tool and inequality of force. Therefore, to end up with this, I found a suitable wheel that, when put into operation, can be powered by every boy, always giving the images in the same way.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0152.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0152.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"249\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0152\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XLVI. A wheel for copper-plate printers  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; I have often seen those engaged in book printing as well as those who print all sorts of plated copper on paper, how they do it with great effort, yet such printing is not always uniform, but sometimes with more, sometimes with less success, due to the instability of the tool and inequality of force. Therefore, to end up with this, I found a suitable wheel that, when put into operation, can be powered by every boy, always giving the images in the same way.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0152-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0152\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0152\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0152.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-46\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0153.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XLVII\/1. A carriage with a single mule  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Usually two mules pull a single carriage with two people inside. But I made such a carriage with a single mule with two seats suspended on both sides, left open here indeed, so that those who sit inside could be seen; otherwise they are more comfortable if they are leather-padded due to various weather conditions. In addition, one regular carriage is heavier than the entire cargo. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt; XLVII \/ 2.  A mule carrying the kitchen  &lt;\/i&gt; &lt;br\/&gt; I wanted to add another mule to the above-mentioned one, which will follow its owner and besides home furniture,  bread, wine and other delicious meals, it will reliably carry the fire with boiling pots. The fire together with the pots must be placed in a chest made of bell metal, closed up in another one made of wood. But the first chest has a pipe above it, through which the smoke is released, and on the bottom part it has an iron grate, through which the ash from the burnt coal falls.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0153.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0153.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"250\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0153\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XLVII\/1. A carriage with a single mule  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Usually two mules pull a single carriage with two people inside. But I made such a carriage with a single mule with two seats suspended on both sides, left open here indeed, so that those who sit inside could be seen; otherwise they are more comfortable if they are leather-padded due to various weather conditions. In addition, one regular carriage is heavier than the entire cargo. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt; XLVII \/ 2.  A mule carrying the kitchen  &lt;\/i&gt; &lt;br\/&gt; I wanted to add another mule to the above-mentioned one, which will follow its owner and besides home furniture,  bread, wine and other delicious meals, it will reliably carry the fire with boiling pots. The fire together with the pots must be placed in a chest made of bell metal, closed up in another one made of wood. But the first chest has a pipe above it, through which the smoke is released, and on the bottom part it has an iron grate, through which the ash from the burnt coal falls.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0153-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0153\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0153\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0153.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-47\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0154.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XLVIII. One carring as much as the two would otherwise  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; What the two can carry on one rod, we made so that one can carry alone. And here we presented it in two ways.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0154.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0154.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"251\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0154\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XLVIII. One carring as much as the two would otherwise  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; What the two can carry on one rod, we made so that one can carry alone. And here we presented it in two ways.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0154-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0154\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0154\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0154.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ngg-image-48\" class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail-box\" >\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"ngg-gallery-thumbnail\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0155.jpg\"\n               title=\"&lt;i&gt;XLIX\/1.  Suspended cart &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; A suspended cart must be hung with ropes, chains or double leather straps so that those inside will not sit on the hard surface. But I wanted to put the ironfeathers under them, which open and close, just like the bows on the arrow shooter.  &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt;XLIX\/2. Cart going down the hill  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;  When a cart or a dray has to go down a high and steep hill, when the rear wheels are not locked and when it is not possible to suddenly break so that they will not spin any more, then they will start to be out of control and hurt horses and thus will be broken. But the locked wheels also suffer a lot of pressure and damage from the stones and other obstacles. Is it not therefore more reliable and more useful to place two thick louvers or beams so that the wheels do not touch the ground, therefore the wheels and the whole cart will be undamaged, going down nicely and slowly. This tool can also be used when breaking a wheel on a trip. One who wants to find out more about such inventions, can feel free to look for them in others. And regarding the rest we have, because it is partly big and important, and partly bad and worthless, we did not consider it useful to be brought in the light of day.\"\n               data-src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/RIIF-2-6_0155.jpg\"\n               data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0155.jpg\"\n               data-image-id=\"252\"\n               data-title=\"RIIF-2-6_0155\"\n               data-description=\"&lt;i&gt;XLIX\/1.  Suspended cart &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; A suspended cart must be hung with ropes, chains or double leather straps so that those inside will not sit on the hard surface. But I wanted to put the ironfeathers under them, which open and close, just like the bows on the arrow shooter.  &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;i&gt;XLIX\/2. Cart going down the hill  &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;  When a cart or a dray has to go down a high and steep hill, when the rear wheels are not locked and when it is not possible to suddenly break so that they will not spin any more, then they will start to be out of control and hurt horses and thus will be broken. But the locked wheels also suffer a lot of pressure and damage from the stones and other obstacles. Is it not therefore more reliable and more useful to place two thick louvers or beams so that the wheels do not touch the ground, therefore the wheels and the whole cart will be undamaged, going down nicely and slowly. This tool can also be used when breaking a wheel on a trip. One who wants to find out more about such inventions, can feel free to look for them in others. And regarding the rest we have, because it is partly big and important, and partly bad and worthless, we did not consider it useful to be brought in the light of day.\"\n               data-image-slug=\"riif-2-6_0155-1\"\n               class=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"d3b7a078f81a554598c54c5f4356ff98\">\n                <img\n                    title=\"RIIF-2-6_0155\"\n                    alt=\"RIIF-2-6_0155\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/wp-content\/gallery\/vrancic-eng\/thumbs\/thumbs_RIIF-2-6_0155.jpg\"\n                    width=\"240\"\n                    height=\"160\"\n                    style=\"max-width:100%;\"\n                \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\n        \n\t\t\n\t\t<!-- Pagination -->\n\t<div class='ngg-clear'><\/div>\t<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We present&nbsp;new machines&nbsp;by Faust Vran\u010di\u0107 from his work&nbsp;Machinae novae Fausti Verantii Siceni cum declaratione Latina Italica Hispanica Gallica et Germanica, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/545\/"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page\/"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2\/"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments\/?post=545"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/545\/revisions\/"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":657,"href":"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/545\/revisions\/657\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/slagalica.nsk.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/?parent=545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}